Curses Against Violating a Grave
These are some curses found on Jewish graves in Asia Minor, the dating isn’t exact, but not before the second century CE. They were determined to be Jewish, or probably Jewish, based upon the content of the curses, terminology, names used, and location.
“I have placed the grave and the altar for my very sweet mother Ulpia Kapitylla. And I want that no one else destroys it. If not, he will have to reckon with the judgement (of God) and he will pay 1.000 denaria to the synagogue and 500 denaria to the treasury. Farewell.”
“I, Aur(elius) Rouphos, son of Ioulianos, son of Ioulianos, have made the heroön for myself and for my wife Aur(elia) Tatiane. No one else may be put in it. but if someone will bury (another corpse here), he knows the laws of the Jews.”
“(But if anyone will introduce another body,) he will have to reckon with the most high God, and may the sickle of curse (enter) into his house (and leave no one behind).”
“In the year 333. Aur(elius) Phrougianos, son of Menokritos, and his wife, Aur(elia) Iouliane, have built (this grave) while alive for his (or her?) mother, Makaria, and for their very sweet daughter, Alexandria, in remembrance. If anyone, after they have been buried, if anyone will bury another corpse or will commit injustice (to the tomb) by way of purchase, he will get the curses that are written in Deuteronomy.
Office of clerk of the market, of corn-purchaser, of commander of police; having fulfilled all magistracies and liturgies; and having been strategos.”
According to the editor, this next one may be pagan and not Jewish.
“Fl(avia) Teuthrantis built this tomb for herself, while alive, and for her husband Hermogenes, son of Hermogenes. But after the two have been buried, if anyone will open (the grave) or will plot (to do so), an iron broom must go into his house.”
As to what the meaning is of “an iron broom must go into his house”, the author of the article says that it “remains an engima.”
Source: Johan H.M. Strubbe, “Curses Against Violation of the Grave in Jewish Epitaphs from Asia Minor,” in Studies in Early Jewish Epigraphy, Leiden, 1994.